Get involved
Spotted an error, or have a document worth adding? Every correction and every source makes the record stronger — and the official source is always right where we are wrong.

History · book
The American Government of Muslim Filipinos, 1899–1920
No longer sold new: look for it in a library, or for a used copy.
How the United States ruled the Moro Province and the Department of Mindanao and Sulu, from the Bates Treaty to the start of Filipinization, from the records of the men who governed. Reprinted by New Day in 1983.
This book describes and judges American rule over the Muslims of Mindanao and Sulu from 1899 to 1920. It runs from the first military government, through the Moro Province under Leonard Wood, Tasker Bliss and John Pershing, to Frank Carpenter's civil Department of Mindanao and Sulu from 1914 to 1920. It covers the military, administrative, educational and social sides of American policy and compares it with Spanish policy.
Peter Gowing was an American who joined the faculty of Silliman University in 1960. The book revises his doctoral thesis at Syracuse University and draws on records in the Library of Congress and the US National Archives.
In his foreword, Cesar Adib Majul sums up its main conclusion: the Americans did not fulfil their mandate. The Moros were not prepared to govern themselves when Christian Filipinos took over the Muslim provinces in 1920, and distrust between Muslims and Christians remained.
From ac.upd.edu.ph, ac.upd.edu.ph.
Cover from Open Library, shown to identify the book; its rights stay with the publisher.
1979Out of print
Muslim Filipinos: Heritage and HorizonPeter G. Gowing
A general introduction to the Muslim peoples of the Philippines, their history, faith and institutions and their place in the republic, written for Filipino readers from the Dansalan Research Center in Marawi.
1988Out of print
Understanding Islam and Muslims in the Philippinesed. Peter G. Gowing
Essays on Islam as it is lived in the Philippines, collected and edited by Peter Gowing.

1973In print
Muslims in the PhilippinesCesar Adib Majul
The standard history of the Muslim peoples of the Philippines: the coming of Islam, the sultanates of Sulu and Maguindanao, and three centuries of Spanish wars against them, told from the Moro side of the record. Reissued by the University of the Philippines Press in 1999.

1905Free to read
Studies in Moro History, Law, and ReligionNajeeb M. Saleeby
The first English account of Maguindanao’s genealogies and of the law codes and Islam of Maguindanao and Sulu, translated by an American colonial official who read the originals. Out of copyright and free to read.

1908Free to read
The History of SuluNajeeb M. Saleeby
Sulu from its earliest written genealogies to the American arrival, drawn from the sultanate’s own documents, Spanish records and the author’s years in Jolo. Out of copyright and free to read.

1981In print
The Sulu Zone, 1768–1898James Francis Warren
The Sulu Sultanate at its height as a trading state: the China trade in sea produce, the slave raiding that fed it, and the peoples it drew in, from Spanish, British and Dutch archives. The book that made the Sulu Zone a field of study. Second edition 2007.

2002In print
Iranun and BalangingiJames Francis Warren
The Iranun and Balangingi raiders of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the world economy that called their raiding into being, and how a way of life became an ethnic name.

1989Out of print
Triumph of Moro DiplomacyRuurdje Laarhoven
Sultan Kudarat’s Maguindanao as the Dutch and Spanish records show it: a sultanate that held its own between two empires by diplomacy as much as by war.